Typically, utilities use a mix of communications technologies to send real-time information about the status of equipment such as transformers in substations and other devices throughout a transmission and distribution system back to a central command center. Utilities commonly use a combination of a normal phone line, a cell phone, and industrial radio technology.
Unfortunately, many of these communications methods often fail. Utilities must constantly monitor and manage more and more devices all the time. Adding a new communications link for each device can become expensive. Additionally, using some devices, such as cell phones, isn’t practical in some rural areas where wireless carriers might not have the necessary coverage to reach new substations.